FUEL CELL

-

 FUEL CELL

They are electrochemical cells. It is an energy conversion device or electricity generator.

ADVANTAGES

  1. Fuel cells are efficient and convert about 75%-83% of available chemical energy to electrical energy.
  2. The electrode materials are supplied in the gaseous form. Examples H2 , CO, hydrocarbons, coal gas, producer gas etc.
  3. It is light, compact, simple and easy to maintain   
  4. Whatever may be the electrode material, CO2 and H2O should be the end products.
  5. The concentration of the electrolyte remains invariant.
  6. Less green house and noise pollution.
  7. They can be stacked and connected in series to generate higher voltage without making any noise.
  8. Reduces the thermal pollution from power generation.

HYDROGEN-OXYGEN FUEL CELL

It is based on the reaction, combustion of H2 in O2 to form water.
2H2 +O2   ------->          2H2O      
The cell consist of two electrodes made of porous graphite, impregnated with platinum catalyst. The electrodes are places in aqueous KOH or NaOH solution. Oxygen and hydrogen gases are continuously fed in at high pressure of 50atms. The reaction taking place is given below, EMF of the cell is found to be 1V.
Anode          2H2 +4OH             ----->       4H2O+4e
Cathode                   O2 + 4e + 2H2O    ------>         4OH
Cell reaction            2H2 +O2                ----->           2H2O      
They can provide energy for systems as large as a utility power station and as small as laptop computer. 
They produce much small quantities of greenhouse gases and none of the air pollutants that create smog and cause health problems.



Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

GLASS ELECTRODE

-
Image
 GLASS ELECTRODE It is a secondary reference electrode that produces a constant and reproducible electrode potential. It is an ion-selective electrode used with other reference electrodes to generate a potential difference. Construction It is made up of a special glass of relatively low melting point and high electrical conductivity, in the form of a sealed glass tube filled with 0.1M HCl, a platinum wire is inserted into it, to make electrical contact. The glass electrode is represented as Pt| 0.1M HCl | Glass | H+    The H+ ion concentration inside the electrode is constant. When the electrode is immersed into a solution of unknown H+, it becomes sensitive to the outside concentration in the solution. Such a sensitivity arises because of the difference between the H+ ion concentration inside and outside.       The electrode potential of the glass rod is : EG = EG0 + 0.0591 log [ H+ ]     EG = EG0 - 0.0591 pH  The glass electrode is used as the internal reference electrode for th
Read more

CHROMATOGRAPHY

-
Image
CHROMATOGRAPHY  It is a method used for the separation, purification, and identification of a mixture of substances. It is useful when components of a mixture have similar physical and chemical properties and hence cannot be separated by other methods. Principle: It is based on the distribution of the components in a mixture between a stationary and a mobile phase. The stationary phase may be a column of adsorbent, a paper, a thin layer of adsorbent through which the mobile phase moves on. The mobile phase may be a liquid or gas. The principle of chromatographic separation is always adsorption (absorption of a constituent on the surface of the solid stationary phase) or partition (distribution of a constituent in between two liquid stationary phases). THEORY OF CHROMATOGRAPHY The separation takes place due to the differential migration of components which depends on the relative affinity towards the stationary and mobile phases.  The component which is less strongly held by the station
Read more

ISRAEL'S LEASER BEAM AIR DEFENCE SYSTEM

-
Image
 ISRAEL'S LASER AIR DEFENSE SYSTEM NIGHTMARE OF IRANIAN DRONES  Israel's defense ministry plan to surround Israel with a laser wall. Israel spent $150 million on laser defense. Israel's Game-Chaninging defense system is the first of its kind in the world with this cutting-edge system Israel's ministry plans to surround itself with this technology. The laser shall supplement the short-range air defense provided by Israel's iron dome. 90% success rate, The iron dome detects and intercepts incoming missiles and drones.  The weapon will take time to be operational and is expected to be partly funded by the U.S. Israel keeping a tab on the growing threat posed by the Iranian armed drones, as the Iranian-made rockets in the hands of Lebanon's Hezbollah group are also a worry.
Read more